Nuerology 2D

CASE 4 :

Link to the patient details:

https://rishikoundinya.blogspot.com/2021/05/55years-old-patient-with-seizures.html

QUESTIONS:

1. Is there any relationship between occurrence of seizure to brain stroke. If yes what is the mechanism behind it?

Answer: Occurrence of seizure due to brain stroke

Cells in the brain send electrical signals to one another. The electrical signals pass along your nerves to all parts of the body. A sudden abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain can lead to the signals to the nerves being disrupted, causing a seizure. This electrical disturbance can happen because of stroke damage in the brain.

A seizure can affect you in many different ways such as changes to vision, smell and taste, loss of consciousness and jerking movements.

Mechanism: Seizure initiation is characterized by two concurrent events: 1) high-frequency bursts of action potentials, and 2) hypersynchronization of a neuronal population. The synchronized bursts from a sufficient number of neurons result in a so-called spike discharge on the EEG.

2. In the previous episodes of seizures, patient didn't loose his consciousness but in the recent episode he lost his consciousness what might be the reason?

Answer: Normally the “consciousness system”—a specialized set of cortical-subcortical structures—maintains alertness, attention and awareness These functions involve a group of brainstem and forebrain areas that form the consciousness system and include the reticular formation of the brainstem, hypothalamus, basal forebrain, thalamus, and cerebral cortex.

Mechanism: Although many cognitive and behavioral processes occur without awareness, consciousness plays a critical role in cognitive mechanisms and forms the basis of our experience. An improved understanding of conscious mechanisms will provide insights into a variety of neurological disorders and new therapeutic approaches.